Engineering
Overview
Engineering calculations form the computational backbone of design, analysis, and optimization across mechanical, chemical, civil, electrical, and environmental disciplines. From fluid mechanics and thermodynamics to photovoltaics and process control, these tools leverage specialized Python libraries to solve problems that demand precision, industry-standard correlations, and validated property databases.
Fluid Mechanics encompasses the largest collection of engineering tools, addressing pipe flow, compressible flow, control valves, and two-phase systems. The fluids library provides battle-tested implementations of industry correlations like the Colebrook equation for friction factors, the Panhandle equations for natural gas pipelines, and IEC 60534 standards for control valve sizing. Whether calculating Reynolds numbers for regime classification, sizing orifice plates for flow measurement, or determining pressure drops through fittings, these tools handle both laminar and turbulent regimes with appropriate methods automatically selected based on dimensionless parameters.
For friction factor calculations, use FRICTION_FACTOR as the primary entry point—it automatically selects the optimal correlation (Clamond, Colebrook, Churchill, or Haaland) based on Reynolds number and relative roughness. Specialized correlations like BLASIUS (smooth turbulent flow) or MOODY are available when specific methods are required. Compressible flow tools handle gas transmission through pipelines with methods ranging from theoretical ISOTHERMAL_GAS to empirical formulas like WEYMOUTH_FLOW and PANHANDLE_B. Stagnation properties, critical flow conditions, and polytropic efficiency conversions are all available.
Control valve calculations follow IEC 60534 standards for both liquid and gas service, including flow coefficient conversions (Cv, Kv, Av), characteristic curves (linear, equal percentage, quick opening), cavitation and choked flow detection, and noise prediction per IEC 60534-8-3 (gas) and IEC 60534-8-4 (liquid). Use SIZE_CV_LIQUID and SIZE_CV_GAS for valve sizing, and IS_CHOKED_LIQ or IS_CHOKED_GAS to detect critical flow conditions.
Dimensionless numbers characterize flow regimes and similarity: Reynolds number, Froude number for open channel flow, Bond number for surface tension effects, and specialized parameters like Dean number for curved pipes. Drag calculations provide 20+ correlations for sphere drag coefficients optimized for different Reynolds number ranges, from Stokes flow (Re < 1) to high-Re turbulent regimes. The general DRAG_SPHERE function selects appropriate correlations automatically, while terminal velocity and settling calculations support particle separation design.
Flow meters implement differential pressure calculations per ISO 5167 for orifice plates, venturi tubes, and flow nozzles. Tools calculate discharge coefficients, expansibility factors, and non-recoverable pressure drops. Fittings and valves provide loss coefficients (K-factors) for bends, contractions, expansions, and various entrance/exit conditions based on Crane TP-410 and Idelchik correlations. Atmospheric calculations include the US Standard Atmosphere 1976 model and the NRLMSISE-00 model for temperature, pressure, and density at altitude.
Photovoltaic calculations leverage the pvlib-python library for solar energy system design and analysis. Calculate solar position (azimuth, elevation, zenith) for any location and time, determine irradiance components on tilted surfaces accounting for beam, diffuse, and ground-reflected radiation, and model PV module performance using the single-diode equation via I_FROM_V or simplified PVWatts DC models. The CEC model parameters adjust cell performance for temperature and irradiance variations, critical for accurate energy yield predictions.
These engineering tools bridge the gap between spreadsheet accessibility and programmatic power, providing validated implementations of industry standards that would be error-prone to implement manually.
Fluids
Atmosphere
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| AIRMASS | Calculate the mass of air per square meter in the atmosphere along a given angle using a density profile. |
| ATMOS_NRLMSISE00 | Compute temperature, density, and pressure using the NRLMSISE-00 atmospheric model. |
| ATMOSPHERE_1976 | Calculate standard atmospheric properties at a given altitude using the US Standard Atmosphere 1976 model. |
Compressible
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| FRITZSCHE_FLOW | Calculate gas flow rate using the Fritzsche formula. |
| IGT_FLOW | Calculate gas flow rate using the IGT (Institute of Gas Technology) formula. |
| IS_CHOKED_FLOW | Determine if a flow is choked (critical) based on pressure ratio. |
| ISENTROPIC_EFF | Convert between isentropic and polytropic efficiency for compression. |
| ISENTROPIC_T_RISE | Calculate the temperature rise for isentropic compression or expansion. |
| ISENTROPIC_WORK | Calculate work of compression or expansion for a gas in an isentropic process. |
| ISOTHERMAL_GAS | Calculate mass flow rate for isothermal compressible gas flow in a pipe. |
| ISOTHERMAL_WORK | Calculate work of compression or expansion for a gas in an isothermal process. |
| MULLER_FLOW | Calculate gas flow rate using the Muller formula. |
| P_CRITICAL_FLOW | Calculate critical flow pressure for a fluid at Mach 1. |
| P_STAGNATION | Calculate stagnation pressure from static conditions. |
| PANHANDLE_A | Calculate gas flow rate in a pipeline using the Panhandle A formula. |
| PANHANDLE_B | Calculate gas flow rate in a pipeline using the Panhandle B formula. |
| POLYTROPIC_EXP | Calculate polytropic exponent or polytropic efficiency for compression. |
| STAGNATION_ENERGY | Calculate the increase in enthalpy due to fluid velocity. |
| T_CRITICAL_FLOW | Calculate critical flow temperature for a fluid at Mach 1. |
| T_STAG_IDEAL | Calculate ideal stagnation temperature from velocity and heat capacity. |
| T_STAGNATION | Calculate stagnation temperature from pressure ratio. |
| WEYMOUTH_FLOW | Calculate gas flow rate in a pipeline using the Weymouth formula. |
Control Valve
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| CV_CAV_INDEX | Calculates the cavitation index of a control valve. |
| CV_CHAR_EQ_PERC | Calculates the flow coefficient characteristic for an equal percentage control valve. |
| CV_CHAR_LINEAR | Calculates the flow coefficient characteristic for a linear control valve. |
| CV_CHAR_QUICK_OP | Calculates the flow coefficient characteristic for a quick opening control valve. |
| CV_CHOKE_PRESS_GAS | Calculates the pressure at which choked flow occurs in a gas control valve. |
| CV_CHOKE_PRESS_LIQ | Calculates the pressure at which choked flow occurs in a liquid control valve. |
| CV_CONVERT_COEFF | Converts between different flow coefficient scales (Kv, Cv, Av). |
| CV_NOISE_GAS_2011 | Calculate the A-weighted sound pressure level for gas flow through a control valve per IEC 60534-8-3 (2011). |
| CV_NOISE_LIQ_2015 | Calculates the sound made by a liquid flowing through a control valve according to the standard IEC 60534-8-4 (2015) using fluids.control_valve.control_valve_noise_l_2015. |
| FF_CRIT_PRESS_L | Calculates FF, the liquid critical pressure ratio factor, for use in IEC 60534 liquid valve sizing calculations using fluids.control_valve.FF_critical_pressure_ratio_l. |
| IS_CHOKED_GAS | Determines if a gas flow in a control valve is choked (critical) or not according to IEC 60534. |
| IS_CHOKED_LIQ | Determines if a liquid flow in a control valve is choked (critical) or not according to IEC 60534. |
| LOSS_COEFF_PIPING | Calculates the sum of loss coefficients for reducers/expanders around a control valve. |
| REYNOLDS_FACTOR | Calculates the Reynolds number factor FR for a valve according to IEC 60534. |
| REYNOLDS_VALVE | Calculates the Reynolds number of a control valve according to IEC 60534. |
| SIZE_CV_GAS | Calculates flow coefficient of a control valve passing a gas according to IEC 60534 using fluids.control_valve.size_control_valve_g. |
| SIZE_CV_LIQUID | Calculates the flow coefficient (Kv) of a control valve passing a liquid according to IEC 60534. |
Dimensionless
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| ARCHIMEDES | Calculate the Archimedes number (Ar) for a fluid and particle. |
| BEJAN | Compute the Bejan number (length-based or permeability-based). |
| BIOT | Calculate the Biot number for heat transfer. |
| BOILING | Calculate the Boiling number (Bg), a dimensionless number for boiling heat transfer. |
| BOND | Calculate the Bond number (Bo), also known as the Eötvös number (Eo). |
| CAPILLARY | Calculate the Capillary number (Ca) for a fluid system using fluids.core.Capillary. |
| CAVITATION | Calculate the Cavitation number (Ca) for a flowing fluid. |
| CONFINEMENT | Calculate the Confinement number (Co) for two-phase flow in a channel. |
| DEAN | Calculate the Dean number (De) for flow in a curved pipe or channel. |
| DRAG | Calculate the drag coefficient (dimensionless) for an object in a fluid. |
| ECKERT | Calculate the Eckert number using fluids.core.Eckert. |
| EULER | Calculate the Euler number (Eu) for a fluid flow. |
| FOURIER_HEAT | Calculate the Fourier number for heat transfer. |
| FOURIER_MASS | Calculate the Fourier number for mass transfer (Fo). |
| FROUDE | Calculate the Froude number (Fr) for a given velocity, length, and gravity. |
| FROUDE_DENSIMETRIC | Calculate the densimetric Froude number. |
| GRAETZ_HEAT | Calculate the Graetz number. |
| GRASHOF | Calculate the Grashof number. |
| HAGEN | Calculate the Hagen number. |
| JAKOB | Calculate the Jakob number for boiling fluid. |
| KNUDSEN | Calculate the Knudsen number. |
| LEWIS | Calculate the Lewis number. |
| MACH | Calculate the Mach number. |
| MORTON | Calculate the Morton number. |
| NUSSELT | Calculate the Nusselt number. |
| OHNESORGE | Calculate the Ohnesorge number. |
| PECLET_HEAT | Calculate the Peclet number for heat transfer. |
| PECLET_MASS | Calculate the Peclet number for mass transfer. |
| POWER_NUMBER | Calculate the Power number for an agitator. |
| PRANDTL | Calculate the Prandtl number. |
| RAYLEIGH | Calculate the Rayleigh number. |
| RELATIVE_ROUGHNESS | Calculate the relative roughness. |
| REYNOLDS | Calculate the Reynolds number. |
| SCHMIDT | Calculate the Schmidt number. |
| SHERWOOD | Calculate the Sherwood number. |
| STANTON | Calculate the Stanton number. |
| STOKES_NUMBER | Calculate the Stokes number. |
| STROUHAL | Calculate the Strouhal number. |
| SURATMAN | Calculate the Suratman number. |
| WEBER | Calculate the Weber number. |
Drag
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| CD_ALMEDEIJ | Calculate drag coefficient of a sphere using the Almedeij correlation. |
| CD_BARATI | Calculate drag coefficient of a sphere using the Barati correlation. |
| CD_BARATI_HIGH | Calculate drag coefficient of a sphere using the Barati high-Re correlation (valid to Re=1E6). |
| CD_CEYLAN | Calculate drag coefficient of a sphere using the Ceylan correlation. |
| CD_CHENG | Calculate drag coefficient of a sphere using the Cheng correlation. |
| CD_CLIFT | Calculate drag coefficient of a sphere using the Clift correlation. |
| CD_CLIFT_GAUVIN | Calculate drag coefficient of a sphere using the Clift-Gauvin correlation. |
| CD_ENGELUND | Calculate drag coefficient of a sphere using the Engelund-Hansen correlation. |
| CD_FLEMMER_BANKS | Calculate drag coefficient of a sphere using the Flemmer-Banks correlation. |
| CD_GRAF | Calculate drag coefficient of a sphere using the Graf correlation. |
| CD_HAIDER_LEV | Calculate drag coefficient of a sphere using the Haider-Levenspiel correlation. |
| CD_KHAN_RICH | Calculate drag coefficient of a sphere using the Khan-Richardson correlation. |
| CD_MIKHAILOV | Calculate drag coefficient of a sphere using the Mikhailov-Freire correlation. |
| CD_MORRISON | Calculate drag coefficient of a sphere using the Morrison correlation. |
| CD_MORSI_ALEX | Calculate drag coefficient of a sphere using the Morsi-Alexander correlation. |
| CD_ROUSE | Calculate drag coefficient of a sphere using the Rouse correlation. |
| CD_SONG_XU | Calculate drag coefficient of a particle using the Song-Xu correlation for spherical and non-spherical particles. |
| CD_STOKES | Calculate drag coefficient of a sphere using Stokes law (Cd = 24/Re). |
| CD_SWAMEE_OJHA | Calculate drag coefficient of a sphere using the Swamee-Ojha correlation. |
| CD_TERFOUS | Calculate drag coefficient of a sphere using the Terfous correlation. |
| CD_YEN | Calculate drag coefficient of a sphere using the Yen correlation. |
| DRAG_SPHERE | Calculate the drag coefficient of a sphere using various correlations based on Reynolds number. |
| SPHERE_FALL_DIST | Calculate distance traveled by a falling sphere after a given time. |
| SPHERE_VEL_AT_T | Calculate the velocity of a falling sphere after a given time. |
| TIME_V_TERMINAL | Calculate time for a particle in Stokes regime to reach terminal velocity. |
| V_TERMINAL | Calculate terminal velocity of a falling sphere using drag coefficient correlations. |
Filters
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| RND_EDGE_GRILL | Calculate the loss coefficient for a rounded edge grill or perforated plate. |
| RND_EDGE_MESH | Calculate the loss coefficient for a round edged open net or screen mesh. |
| RND_EDGE_SCREEN | Calculate the loss coefficient for a round edged wire screen or bar screen. |
| SQ_EDGE_GRILL | Calculate the loss coefficient for a square edged grill or perforated plate. |
| SQ_EDGE_SCREEN | Calculate the loss coefficient for a square edged wire screen, bar screen, or perforated plate. |
Fittings
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| BEND_MITER | Calculate the loss coefficient (K) for a single-joint miter bend in a pipe. |
| BEND_ROUNDED | Calculate the loss coefficient (K) for a rounded pipe bend (elbow) using various methods. |
| CONTRACTION_ROUND | Calculate the loss coefficient (K) for a rounded pipe contraction (reducer). |
| CONTRACTION_SHARP | Calculate the loss coefficient (K) for a sharp edged pipe contraction (reducer). |
| CV_TO_K | Convert imperial valve flow coefficient (Cv) to loss coefficient (K). |
| DIFFUSER_CONICAL | Calculate the loss coefficient (K) for a conical pipe expansion (diffuser). |
| DIFFUSER_SHARP | Calculate the loss coefficient (K) for a sudden pipe expansion (diffuser). |
| ENTRANCE_ANGLED | Calculate the loss coefficient (K) for an angled sharp entrance to a pipe flush with a reservoir wall. |
| ENTRANCE_BEVELED | Calculate the loss coefficient (K) for a beveled or chamfered entrance to a pipe flush with a reservoir wall. |
| ENTRANCE_ROUNDED | Calculate the loss coefficient (K) for a rounded entrance to a pipe flush with a reservoir wall. |
| ENTRANCE_SHARP | Calculate the loss coefficient (K) for a sharp entrance to a pipe flush with a reservoir wall. |
| EXIT_NORMAL | Calculate the loss coefficient (K) for a normal pipe exit discharging into a reservoir. |
| HELIX | Calculate the loss coefficient (K) for a helical coil pipe section. |
| K_BALL_VALVE | Calculate the loss coefficient (K) for a ball valve using the Crane method. |
| K_BUTTERFLY_VALVE | Calculate the loss coefficient (K) for a butterfly valve using the Crane method. |
| K_GATE_VALVE | Calculate the loss coefficient (K) for a gate valve using the Crane method. |
| K_GLOBE_VALVE | Calculate the loss coefficient (K) for a globe valve using the Crane method. |
| K_SWING_CHECK_VALVE | Calculate the loss coefficient (K) for a swing check valve using the Crane method. |
| K_TO_CV | Convert loss coefficient (K) to imperial valve flow coefficient (Cv). |
| K_TO_KV | Convert loss coefficient (K) to metric valve flow coefficient (Kv). |
| KV_TO_K | Convert metric valve flow coefficient (Kv) to loss coefficient (K). |
| SPIRAL | Calculate the loss coefficient (K) for a spiral coil pipe section. |
Flow Meter
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| DIFF_PRESS_BETA | Calculate the beta ratio (diameter ratio) for a differential pressure flow meter. |
| DIFF_PRESS_C_EPS | Calculate discharge coefficient and expansibility factor for differential pressure flow meters. |
| DIFF_PRESS_DP | Calculate non-recoverable pressure drop across a differential pressure flow meter. |
| FLOW_METER_DISCH | Calculate mass flow rate through a differential pressure flow meter based on measured pressures and meter geometry. |
| ORIFICE_DISCHARGE_C | Calculate the discharge coefficient for an orifice plate using the Reader-Harris-Gallagher correlation (ISO 5167 standard). |
| ORIFICE_EXPAND | Calculate the expansibility factor for an orifice plate based on geometry and pressure conditions. |
| ORIFICE_PRESS_DROP | Calculate non-recoverable pressure drop across an orifice plate based on geometry and discharge coefficient. |
Friction
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| BLASIUS | Calculates Darcy friction factor for turbulent flow in smooth pipes using the Blasius correlation. |
| CHURCHILL | Calculate Darcy friction factor using the Churchill (1977) universal equation for all flow regimes. |
| CLAMOND | Calculate Darcy friction factor using Clamond’s high-precision solution accurate to nearly machine precision. |
| COLEBROOK | Calculate Darcy friction factor using exact solution to the Colebrook equation. |
| DP_GRAV | Calculate gravitational pressure drop component for single-phase flow in inclined pipes. |
| FF_CURVED | Calculate friction factor for fluid flowing in a curved pipe or helical coil, supporting both laminar and turbulent regimes. |
| FP_MARTIN | Calculate Darcy friction factor for single-phase flow in Chevron-style plate heat exchangers using Martin (1999) correlation. |
| FP_MULEY_MANGLIK | Calculate Darcy friction factor for single-phase flow in Chevron-style plate heat exchangers using Muley-Manglik correlation. |
| FRICTION_FACTOR | Calculate the Darcy friction factor for fluid flow in a pipe using various correlations, automatically selecting appropriate method based on Reynolds number and relative roughness. |
| FRICTION_LAMINAR | Calculate the Darcy friction factor for laminar flow using the theoretical solution fd = 64/Re. |
| FT_CRANE | Calculate the Crane fully turbulent Darcy friction factor for flow in commercial pipe. |
| HAALAND | Calculate Darcy friction factor using the Haaland (1983) approximation. |
| HELICAL_RE_CRIT | Calculate the transition Reynolds number for fluid flowing in a curved or helical pipe between laminar and turbulent flow. |
| MOODY | Calculate Darcy friction factor using the Moody (1947) correlation. |
| ONE_PHASE_DP | Calculate single-phase pressure drop in a pipe using the Darcy-Weisbach equation. |
| SWAMEE_JAIN | Calculate Darcy friction factor using the Swamee-Jain (1976) equation. |
| TRANS_FACTOR | Convert between Darcy friction factor and transmission factor for compressible gas pipeline flow. |
| VON_KARMAN | Calculate Darcy friction factor for rough pipes at infinite Reynolds number from the von Karman equation. |
Heat Transfer
Air Cooler
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| AIR_NOISE_GPSA | Compute air cooler noise using the GPSA correlation. |
| AIR_NOISE_MUKHERJEE | Compute air cooler noise using the Mukherjee correlation. |
| DP_ESDU_HIGH_FIN | Compute air-side pressure drop for high-fin tube banks. |
| DP_ESDU_LOW_FIN | Compute air-side pressure drop for low-fin tube banks. |
| ESDU_TUBE_ROW_CORR | Compute the ESDU tube row correction factor for a tube bundle. |
| FIN_EFF_KERN_KRAUS | Compute circular fin efficiency for constant-thickness fins. |
| FT_AIRCOOLER | Compute the LMTD correction factor for an air cooler crossflow exchanger. |
| H_BRIGGS_YOUNG | Compute air-side heat transfer coefficient using Briggs and Young correlations. |
| H_ESDU_HIGH_FIN | Compute air-side heat transfer coefficient for high-fin tube banks. |
| H_ESDU_LOW_FIN | Compute air-side heat transfer coefficient for low-fin tube banks. |
| H_GANGULI_VDI | Compute air-side heat transfer coefficient using the Ganguli VDI method. |
| LMTD | Compute the log-mean temperature difference for a heat exchanger. |
| WALL_FACTOR | Compute wall property correction factors for heat transfer correlations. |
Boiling Flow
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| CHEN_BENNETT | Compute the Chen-Bennett boiling heat transfer coefficient. |
| CHEN_EDELSTEIN | Compute the Chen-Edelstein boiling heat transfer coefficient. |
| COOPER | Compute the Cooper nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient. |
| FORSTER_ZUBER | Compute the Forster-Zuber nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient. |
| LAZAREK_BLACK | Compute the Lazarek-Black boiling heat transfer coefficient. |
| LI_WU | Compute the Li-Wu boiling heat transfer coefficient. |
| LIU_WINTERTON | Compute the Liu-Winterton boiling heat transfer coefficient. |
| LOCKHART_XTT | Compute the Lockhart-Martinelli Xtt two-phase flow parameter. |
| SUN_MISHIMA | Compute the Sun-Mishima boiling heat transfer coefficient. |
| THOME | Compute the Thome microchannel boiling heat transfer coefficient. |
| TO_SOLVE_Q_THOME | Compute the Thome heat flux residual for a specified wall temperature. |
| TURBULENT_DITTUS | Compute the Dittus-Boelter turbulent Nusselt number. |
| TURBULENT_GNIEL | Compute the Gnielinski turbulent Nusselt number. |
| YUN_HEO_KIM | Compute the Yun-Heo-Kim boiling heat transfer coefficient. |
Boiling Nucleic
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| BIER | Compute nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient using the Bier correlation. |
| GORENFLO | Compute nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient using the Gorenflo correlation. |
| H_NUCLEIC | Compute nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient with method selection. |
| H_NUCLEIC_METHODS | List available nucleate boiling correlations based on provided inputs. |
| HEDH_MONTINSKY | Compute nucleate boiling critical heat flux using the HEDH-Montinsky correlation. |
| HEDH_TABOREK | Compute nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient using the HEDH-Taborek correlation. |
| MCNELLY | Compute nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient using the McNelly correlation. |
| MONTINSKY | Compute nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient using the Montinsky correlation. |
| QMAX_BOIL_METHODS | List available nucleate boiling critical heat flux correlations. |
| QMAX_BOILING | Compute nucleate boiling critical heat flux with method selection. |
| ROHSENOW | Compute nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient using the Rohsenow correlation. |
| SERTH_HEDH | Compute nucleate boiling critical heat flux for tube bundles using the Serth-HEDH correlation. |
| STEPHAN_ABDELSALAM | Compute nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient using the Stephan-Abdelsalam correlation. |
| ZUBER | Compute nucleate boiling critical heat flux using the Zuber correlation. |
Boiling Plate
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| H_BOIL_HAN_LEE_KIM | Calculate boiling heat transfer coefficient using Han Lee Kim correlation. |
| H_BOIL_HANLEEKIM | Calculate boiling heat transfer coefficient using Han Lee Kim correlation. |
| H_BOIL_HUANG_SHEER | Calculate boiling heat transfer coefficient using Huang Sheer correlation. |
| H_BOIL_HUANGSHEER | Calculate boiling heat transfer coefficient using Huang Sheer correlation. |
| H_BOIL_LEE_KANG_KIM | Calculate boiling heat transfer coefficient using Lee Kang Kim correlation. |
| H_BOIL_LEEKANGKIM | Calculate boiling heat transfer coefficient using Lee Kang Kim correlation. |
| H_BOILING_AMALFI | Calculate boiling heat transfer coefficient using Amalfi correlation. |
| H_BOILING_YAN_LIN | Calculate boiling heat transfer coefficient using Yan Lin correlation. |
| THERMAL_DIFFUSIVITY | Calculate thermal diffusivity for a fluid. |
Condensation
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| AKERS_DEANS_CROSSER | Calculate condensation heat transfer coefficient in tubes using the Akers-Deans-Crosser correlation. |
| BOYKO_KRUZHILIN | Calculate condensation heat transfer coefficient using the Boyko-Kruzhilin correlation. |
| CAVALLINI_SMITH_Z | Calculate condensation heat transfer coefficient using the Cavallini-Smith-Zecchin correlation. |
| CAVALLINI_SZ | Calculate condensation heat transfer coefficient using the Cavallini-Smith-Zecchin correlation. |
| H_KINETIC | Calculate kinetic theory condensation heat transfer coefficient. |
| NUSSELT_LAMINAR | Calculate laminar film condensation heat transfer on a flat plate using Nusselt theory. |
| SHAH | Calculate condensation heat transfer coefficient using the Shah correlation. |
Conduction
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| ACOSH | Compute the inverse hyperbolic cosine. |
| CYL_HEAT_TRANSFER | Compute heat transfer through a multilayer cylindrical wall. |
| K_TO_R | Compute thermal resistance from thermal conductivity. |
| K_TO_R_VALUE | Convert thermal conductivity to R-value. |
| K_TO_THERM_RESIST | Convert thermal conductivity to thermal resistivity. |
| LEGACY_CYL_HT | Deprecated alias for cyl_heat_transfer. |
| LEGACY_K_THERM_RES | Deprecated alias for k_to_therm_resist. |
| LEGACY_S_PIPE_ECC | Deprecated alias for S_pipe_ecc_to_pipe. |
| LEGACY_S_PIPE_NORM | Deprecated alias for S_pipe_norm_plane. |
| LEGACY_S_PIPE_PAIR | Deprecated alias for S_pipe_to_pipe. |
| LEGACY_S_PIPE_PLANE | Deprecated alias for S_pipe_to_plane. |
| LEGACY_S_PIPE_PLNS | Deprecated alias for S_pipe_two_planes. |
| LEGACY_S_SPH_PLANE | Deprecated alias for S_sphere_to_plane. |
| LEGACY_THERM_RES_K | Deprecated alias for therm_resist_to_k. |
| LOG | Compute the logarithm of a value with optional base. |
| R_CYLINDER | Compute thermal resistance of a cylindrical wall. |
| R_TO_K | Compute thermal conductivity from thermal resistance. |
| R_VALUE_TO_K | Convert R-value to thermal conductivity. |
| S_PIPE_ECC_TO_PIPE | Compute the shape factor for eccentric isothermal pipes. |
| S_PIPE_NORM_PLANE | Compute the shape factor for a pipe normal to a plane. |
| S_PIPE_TO_PIPE | Compute the shape factor for two isothermal pipes. |
| S_PIPE_TO_PLANE | Compute the shape factor for a pipe near a plane. |
| S_PIPE_TWO_PLANES | Compute the shape factor for a pipe between two planes. |
| S_SPHERE_TO_PLANE | Compute the shape factor for a sphere near a plane. |
| THERM_RESIST_TO_K | Convert thermal resistivity to thermal conductivity. |
Conv External
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| NU_CYL_CB | Calculate the Nusselt number for crossflow across a single cylinder using the Churchill-Bernstein correlation. |
| NU_CYL_PL62 | Calculate the Nusselt number for crossflow across a single cylinder using the Perkins-Leppert 1962 correlation. |
| NU_CYL_PL64 | Calculate the Nusselt number for crossflow across a single cylinder using the Perkins-Leppert 1964 correlation. |
| NU_CYL_SG | Calculate the Nusselt number for crossflow across a single cylinder using the Sanitjai-Goldstein correlation. |
| NU_CYL_WHITAKER | Calculate the Nusselt number for crossflow across a single cylinder using the Whitaker correlation. |
| NU_CYL_ZUKAUSKAS | Calculate the Nusselt number for crossflow across a single cylinder using the Zukauskas correlation. |
| NU_CYLINDER_FAND | Calculate the Nusselt number for crossflow across a single cylinder using the Fand correlation. |
| NU_CYLINDER_MCADAMS | Calculate the Nusselt number for crossflow across a single cylinder using the McAdams correlation. |
| NU_EXT_CYL | Calculate the Nusselt number for crossflow across a single cylinder using a selected correlation. |
| NU_EXT_CYL_METHODS | List available correlations for external cylinder forced convection. |
| NU_EXT_HORZ_METHODS | List available correlations for forced convection across a horizontal plate. |
| NU_EXT_HORZ_PLATE | Calculate the Nusselt number for forced convection across a horizontal plate. |
| NU_HORZ_LAM_BAEHR | Calculate the Nusselt number for laminar flow across an isothermal flat plate using the Baehr correlation. |
| NU_HORZ_LAM_COZOE | Calculate the Nusselt number for laminar flow across an isothermal flat plate using the Churchill-Ozoe correlation. |
| NU_HORZ_TURB_KREITH | Calculate the Nusselt number for turbulent flow across an isothermal flat plate using the Kreith correlation. |
| NU_HORZ_TURB_SCHL | Calculate the Nusselt number for turbulent flow across an isothermal flat plate using the Schlichting correlation. |
Conv Free Enclosed
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| NU_RA_HOLLANDS | Calculate the Nusselt number between horizontal plates using the Hollands correlation. |
| NU_RA_HOLLINGHERWIG | Calculate the Nusselt number between infinite horizontal plates using the Holling-Herwig correlation. |
| NU_RA_PROBERT | Calculate the Nusselt number between infinite horizontal plates using the Probert correlation. |
| NU_VERT_THESS | Calculate the Nusselt number between vertical plates using the Thess correlation. |
| NU_VHELIX_ALI | Calculate the Nusselt number for natural convection around a vertical helical coil using the Ali correlation. |
| NU_VHELIX_PRR | Calculate the Nusselt number for natural convection around a vertical helical coil using the Prabhanjan-Rennie-Raghavan correlation. |
| RAC_RAYLEIGH | Calculate the critical Rayleigh number for enclosed parallel plates. |
| RAC_RAYLEIGH_DISK | Calculate the critical Rayleigh number for enclosed parallel disks. |
Conv Free Immersed
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| NU_COIL_XIN_EBADIAN | Calculate the Nusselt number for natural convection around a helical coil. |
| NU_FREE_HPLATE | Calculate the Nusselt number for free convection from a horizontal plate. |
| NU_FREE_HPLATE_METH | List available correlations for free convection from a horizontal plate. |
| NU_FREE_VPLATE | Calculate the Nusselt number for free convection from a vertical plate. |
| NU_FREE_VPLATE_METH | List available correlations for free convection from a vertical plate. |
| NU_HCYL_CHURCHILL | Calculate the Nusselt number for a horizontal cylinder using Churchill-Chu. |
| NU_HCYL_KUEHNGOLD | Calculate the Nusselt number for a horizontal cylinder using Kuehn-Goldstein. |
| NU_HCYL_METHODS | List available correlations for free convection from a horizontal cylinder. |
| NU_HCYL_MORGAN | Calculate the Nusselt number for a horizontal cylinder using Morgan. |
| NU_HORIZ_CYL | Select and calculate a Nusselt number correlation for a horizontal cylinder. |
| NU_HPLATE_MCADAMS | Calculate the Nusselt number for a horizontal plate using McAdams. |
| NU_HPLATE_ROHSENOW | Calculate the Nusselt number for a horizontal plate using Rohsenow. |
| NU_HPLATE_VDI | Calculate the Nusselt number for a horizontal plate using VDI. |
| NU_SPHERE_CHURCHILL | Calculate the Nusselt number for a sphere using Churchill. |
| NU_VCYL_ALARABI | Calculate the Nusselt number for a vertical cylinder using Al-Arabi and Khamis. |
| NU_VCYL_CARNEMORGAN | Calculate the Nusselt number for a vertical cylinder using Carne-Morgan. |
| NU_VCYL_EIGENSON | Calculate the Nusselt number for a vertical cylinder using Eigenson-Morgan. |
| NU_VCYL_GRIFFITHS | Calculate the Nusselt number for a vertical cylinder using Griffiths-Davis-Morgan. |
| NU_VCYL_HANESIAN | Calculate the Nusselt number for a vertical cylinder using Hanesian-Kalish-Morgan. |
| NU_VCYL_JAKOB | Calculate the Nusselt number for a vertical cylinder using Jakob-Linke-Morgan. |
| NU_VCYL_KREITH | Calculate the Nusselt number for a vertical cylinder using Kreith-Eckert. |
| NU_VCYL_MCADAMS | Calculate the Nusselt number for a vertical cylinder using McAdams-Weiss-Saunders. |
| NU_VCYL_METHODS | List available correlations for free convection from a vertical cylinder. |
| NU_VCYL_POPIEL | Calculate the Nusselt number for a vertical cylinder using Popiel-Churchill. |
| NU_VCYL_TOULOUKIAN | Calculate the Nusselt number for a vertical cylinder using Touloukian-Morgan. |
| NU_VERT_CYL | Select and calculate a Nusselt number correlation for a vertical cylinder. |
| NU_VPLATE_CHURCHILL | Calculate the Nusselt number for a vertical plate using Churchill-Chu. |
Conv Internal
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| HEL_TURB_NU_MORI | Calculate the turbulent helical coil Nusselt number using Mori-Nakayama. |
| HEL_TURB_NU_SCHM | Calculate the turbulent helical coil Nusselt number using Schmidt. |
| HEL_TURB_NU_XIN | Calculate the turbulent helical coil Nusselt number using Xin-Ebadian. |
| LAM_ENTRY_BAEHR | Calculate laminar entry Nusselt number using Baehr-Stephan. |
| LAM_ENTRY_HAUSEN | Calculate laminar thermal entry Nusselt number using Hausen. |
| LAM_ENTRY_SEIDER | Calculate laminar entry Nusselt number using Seider-Tate. |
| LAMINAR_Q_CONST | Return the laminar constant-heat-flux Nusselt number for a pipe. |
| LAMINAR_T_CONST | Return the laminar constant-wall-temperature Nusselt number for a pipe. |
| MORIMOTO_HOTTA | Calculate the Nusselt number for flow in a spiral heat exchanger. |
| NU_CONV_INT_METHODS | List available internal convection correlations for a pipe. |
| NU_CONV_INTERNAL | Compute the Nusselt number for internal pipe convection. |
| NU_LAM_RECT_SHAN | Calculate the laminar Nusselt number for a rectangular duct. |
| TURB_BHATTI_SHAH | Calculate turbulent Nusselt number using the Bhatti-Shah correlation. |
| TURB_CHURCHILL | Calculate turbulent Nusselt number using Churchill-Zajic. |
| TURB_COLBURN | Calculate turbulent Nusselt number using the Colburn correlation. |
| TURB_DIPPREY | Calculate turbulent Nusselt number using Dipprey-Sabersky. |
| TURB_DITTUS | Calculate turbulent Nusselt number using Dittus-Boelter. |
| TURB_DREXEL | Calculate turbulent Nusselt number using Drexel-McAdams. |
| TURB_ENTRY_HAUSEN | Calculate turbulent entry-region Nusselt number using Hausen. |
| TURB_ESDU | Calculate turbulent Nusselt number using the ESDU correlation. |
| TURB_FRIEND | Calculate turbulent Nusselt number using Friend-Metzner. |
| TURB_GNIEL_S1 | Calculate turbulent Nusselt number using Gnielinski smooth pipe case 1. |
| TURB_GNIEL_S2 | Calculate turbulent Nusselt number using Gnielinski smooth pipe case 2. |
| TURB_GNIELINSKI | Calculate turbulent Nusselt number using the Gnielinski correlation. |
| TURB_PETUKHOV | Calculate turbulent Nusselt number using Petukhov-Kirillov-Popov. |
| TURB_PRANDTL | Calculate turbulent Nusselt number using the Prandtl correlation. |
| TURB_SIEDER | Calculate turbulent Nusselt number using the Sieder-Tate correlation. |
| TURB_VON_KARMAN | Calculate turbulent Nusselt number using the von Karman correlation. |
| TURB_WEBB | Calculate turbulent Nusselt number using the Webb correlation. |
Conv Jacket
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| LEHRER | Calculate the average heat transfer coefficient for a jacket around a vessel. |
| STEIN_SCHMIDT | Calculate the average heat transfer coefficient for a jacket around a vessel. |
Conv Packed Bed
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| NU_ACHENBACH | Calculate Nusselt number for a packed bed using the Achenbach correlation. |
| NU_KTA | Calculate Nusselt number for a packed bed using the KTA correlation. |
| NU_PACKED_BED_GN | Calculate Nusselt number for a packed bed using the Gnielinski correlation. |
| NU_WAKAO_KAGEI | Calculate Nusselt number for a packed bed using the Wakao-Kagei correlation. |
Conv Plate
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| FRIC_PLATE_MARTIN99 | Calculate Darcy friction factor for chevron plate exchangers (Martin 1999). |
| FRIC_PLATE_MARTINV | Calculate Darcy friction factor for chevron plate exchangers (VDI Heat Atlas variant). |
| NU_PLATE_KHAN_KHAN | Calculate Nusselt number for single-phase flow in a chevron-style plate heat exchanger (Khan and Khan). |
| NU_PLATE_KUMAR | Calculate Nusselt number for a well-designed chevron plate heat exchanger (Kumar correlation). |
| NU_PLATE_MARTIN | Calculate Nusselt number for chevron plate exchangers using the Martin correlation. |
| NU_PLATE_MULEYMANG | Calculate Nusselt number for chevron plate exchangers using the Muley-Manglik correlation. |
Conv Supercritical
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| NU_BISHOP | Calculate Nusselt number for supercritical pipe flow using the Bishop correlation. |
| NU_BRINGER_SMITH | Calculate Nusselt number for near-supercritical flow using the Bringer-Smith correlation. |
| NU_GORBAN | Calculate Nusselt number for supercritical flow using the Gorban correlation. |
| NU_GRIEM | Calculate Nusselt number for supercritical flow using the Griem correlation. |
| NU_GUPTA | Calculate Nusselt number for supercritical flow using the Gupta correlation. |
| NU_JACKSON | Calculate Nusselt number for supercritical flow using the Jackson correlation. |
| NU_KITOH | Calculate Nusselt number for supercritical flow using the Kitoh correlation. |
| NU_KRASN_PROTO | Calculate Nusselt number for supercritical flow using the Krasnoshchekov-Protopopov correlation. |
| NU_KRASNOSH_PROTO | Calculate Nusselt number for supercritical flow using the Krasnoshchekov-Protopopov correlation. |
| NU_KRASNOSHCHEKOV | Calculate Nusselt number for supercritical flow using the Krasnoshchekov correlation. |
| NU_MCADAMS | Calculate Nusselt number for supercritical flow using the McAdams correlation. |
| NU_MOKRY | Calculate Nusselt number for supercritical flow using the Mokry correlation. |
| NU_ORNATSKY | Calculate Nusselt number for supercritical flow using the Ornatsky correlation. |
| NU_PETUKHOV | Calculate Nusselt number for supercritical flow using the Petukhov correlation. |
| NU_SHITSMAN | Calculate Nusselt number for supercritical flow using the Shitsman correlation. |
| NU_SWENSON | Calculate Nusselt number for supercritical flow using the Swenson correlation. |
| NU_XU | Calculate Nusselt number for supercritical flow using the Xu correlation. |
| NU_YAMAGATA | Calculate Nusselt number for supercritical flow using the Yamagata correlation. |
| NU_ZHU | Calculate Nusselt number for supercritical flow using the Zhu correlation. |
Conv Tube Bank
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| CTB_BAFFLE_CORR | Compute Bell-Delaware baffle correction factor for crossflow. |
| CTB_BAFFLE_LEAK | Compute Bell-Delaware baffle leakage correction factor. |
| CTB_BUNDLE_BYPASS | Compute Bell-Delaware bundle bypass correction factor. |
| CTB_DP_KERN | Compute tube bank pressure drop using the Kern method. |
| CTB_DP_ZUKAUSKAS | Compute tube bank pressure drop using the Zukauskas method. |
| CTB_ESDU_ANG_CORR | Compute the ESDU tube bank inclination correction factor. |
| CTB_ESDU_ROW_CORR | Compute the ESDU tube row correction factor for a tube bundle. |
| CTB_HORNER | Evaluate a polynomial using Horner’s method. |
| CTB_LAMINAR_CORR | Compute Bell-Delaware laminar flow correction factor. |
| CTB_NU_ESDU_73031 | Compute tube bank Nusselt number using the ESDU 73031 correlation. |
| CTB_NU_GRIMISON | Compute tube bank Nusselt number using the Grimison correlation. |
| CTB_NU_HEDH | Compute tube bank Nusselt number using the HEDH correlation. |
| CTB_NU_ZUK_BEJAN | Compute tube bank Nusselt number using the Zukauskas-Bejan correlation. |
| CTB_UNEQUAL_BAFFLE | Compute Bell-Delaware unequal baffle spacing correction factor. |
| CTB_WALL_FACTOR | Compute wall correction factor for heat transfer properties. |
| CTB_ZUK_ROW_CORR | Compute Zukauskas tube row correction factor for a tube bundle. |
Conv Two Phase
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| AGGOUR | Calculate two-phase heat transfer coefficient using the Aggour correlation. |
| DAVIS_DAVID | Calculate two-phase heat transfer coefficient using the Davis-David correlation. |
| ELAMVALUTHI_SRIN | Calculate two-phase heat transfer coefficient using the Elamvaluthi-Srinivas correlation. |
| GROOTHUIS_HENDAL | Calculate two-phase heat transfer coefficient using the Groothuis-Hendal correlation. |
| H_TWO_PHASE | Calculate two-phase heat transfer coefficient using a selected correlation. |
| H_TWO_PHASE_METHODS | List available two-phase heat transfer correlations for a tube. |
| HUGHMARK | Calculate two-phase laminar heat transfer coefficient using the Hughmark correlation. |
| KNOTT | Calculate two-phase heat transfer coefficient using the Knott correlation. |
| KUDIRKA_GROSH_MCF | Calculate two-phase heat transfer coefficient using the Kudirka-Grosh-McFadden correlation. |
| LAMINAR_ENTRY_ST | Calculate laminar entry-region Nusselt number using Seider-Tate. |
| MARTIN_SIMS | Calculate two-phase heat transfer coefficient using the Martin-Sims correlation. |
| RAVIPUDI_GODBOLD | Calculate two-phase heat transfer coefficient using the Ravipudi-Godbold correlation. |
Core
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| CC_HX_TEMP_CHECK | Check whether two fluid temperature profiles are plausible for countercurrent exchange. |
| FIN_EFFICIENCY_KK | Compute circular fin efficiency using the Kern-Kraus correlation. |
| IS_HEATING_PROPERTY | Determine whether a wall heats or cools a flow from a property ratio. |
| IS_HEATING_TEMP | Determine whether a wall heats or cools a flow from temperatures. |
| WALL_FACTOR_FD | Compute a wall correction factor for frictional pressure loss. |
| WALL_FACTOR_NU | Compute a wall correction factor for Nusselt number calculations. |
Hx
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| BAFFLE_THICKNESS | Compute baffle thickness from shell diameter and support spacing. |
| BUNDLE_FROM_TUBES | Calculate bundle diameter required for a specified tube count. |
| CALC_CMAX | Calculate the maximum heat capacity rate of two streams. |
| CALC_CMIN | Calculate the minimum heat capacity rate of two streams. |
| CALC_CR | Calculate the heat capacity rate ratio for two streams. |
| CHECK_TUBING_TEMA | Check whether a tubing size and gauge are valid per TEMA. |
| D_BAFFLE_HOLES | Calculate baffle hole diameter for tubes using TEMA guidance. |
| D_FOR_NTUBES_VDI | Estimate tube bundle diameter from tube count using the VDI method. |
| DBUNDLE_MIN | Estimate a minimum bundle diameter for a given tube outer diameter. |
| DBUNDLE_NT_HEDH | Estimate tube bundle diameter from tube count using the HEDH correlation. |
| DBUNDLE_NT_PHADK | Calculate tube bundle diameter for a given tube count using Phadke’s method. |
| EFF_FROM_NTU | Calculate effectiveness from NTU, capacity ratio, and configuration. |
| EFF_NTU_METHOD | Solve a heat exchanger with the effectiveness-NTU method. |
| F_LMTD_FAKHERI | Compute the LMTD correction factor for shell-and-tube exchangers. |
| L_UNSUPPORTED_MAX | Get the maximum unsupported tube length from TEMA guidance. |
| NTU_FROM_EFF | Solve NTU from effectiveness, capacity ratio, and configuration. |
| NTU_FROM_P_BASIC | Solve NTU for a basic exchanger from effectiveness and capacity ratio. |
| NTU_FROM_P_E | Solve NTU for a TEMA E exchanger from effectiveness and capacity ratio. |
| NTU_FROM_P_PLATE | Solve NTU for a plate exchanger from effectiveness and capacity ratio. |
| NTU_FROM_UA | Calculate NTU from UA and the minimum heat capacity rate. |
| NTUBES | Calculate the number of tubes that fit in a tube bundle. |
| NTUBES_HEDH | Estimate tube count from bundle diameter using the HEDH correlation. |
| NTUBES_PHADKEB | Calculate tube count from bundle diameter using Phadke’s method. |
| NTUBES_VDI | Estimate tube count from bundle diameter using the VDI method. |
| P_NTU_METHOD | Solve a heat exchanger with the P-NTU method. |
| SHELL_CLEARANCE | Look up shell-to-bundle clearance from TEMA guidance. |
| TEMP_EFF_BASIC | Compute temperature effectiveness for a basic exchanger type. |
| TEMP_EFF_PLATE | Compute temperature effectiveness for a plate exchanger. |
| TEMP_EFF_TEMA_E | Compute temperature effectiveness for a TEMA E exchanger. |
| UA_FROM_NTU | Calculate UA from NTU and the minimum heat capacity rate. |
Insulation
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| ASHRAE_K | Return thermal conductivity for an ASHRAE material. |
| CP_MATERIAL | Return heat capacity for an insulating or building material. |
| INTERP | Perform one-dimensional linear interpolation. |
| K_MATERIAL | Return thermal conductivity for an insulating or building material. |
| NEAREST_MATERIAL | Return the nearest material match from insulation tables. |
| REFRACTORY_VDI_CP | Return refractory heat capacity from VDI data. |
| REFRACTORY_VDI_K | Return refractory thermal conductivity from VDI data. |
| RHO_MATERIAL | Return density for an insulating or building material. |
Radiation
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| BB_SPECTRAL_RAD | Compute blackbody spectral radiance at a wavelength. |
| GREY_TRANSMITTANCE | Compute grey-body transmittance from extinction and path length. |
| Q_RAD | Compute radiant heat flux between a surface and surroundings. |
Photovoltaics
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| CALCPARAMS_CEC | Calculate five CEC model parameters for the single diode equation at given irradiance and cell temperature. |
| I_FROM_V | Calculate the device current at a given device voltage for a PV cell/module using the single diode model. |
| IRRADIANCE | Calculate the plane of array irradiance components on a tilted surface using PVLib. |
| PVWATTS_DC | Calculate the DC power output of a PV module using the PVWatts DC model. |
| SOLARPOSITION | Calculate solar azimuth, elevation, and apparent zenith for given times and location. |
Structural
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| BEAM_2D | Analyze continuous 2D beams with auto-meshing. |
| FRAME_2D | Analyze 2D rigid frames. |
| PLATE | Analyze 2D plates and shells. |
| TRUSS_2D | Analyze 2D pin-jointed trusses. |
Thermodynamics
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| CHEMICAL_PROPS | Retrieve physical and thermodynamic properties for a chemical specimen. |
| HA_PROPS_SI | Calculate humid air properties using CoolProp psychrometrics. |
| MIXTURE_FLASH | Perform a flash calculation for a chemical mixture and return key properties. |
| MIXTURE_STRING | Create a formatted CoolProp mixture string from component fluids and mole fractions. |
| PHASE_SI | Identify the phase of a fluid at a given state using CoolProp. |
| PROPS_SI | Calculate thermophysical properties of fluids using CoolProp. |