Python for Excel

Overview

The Python for Excel Add-in lets you create reusable custom Excel functions using Python code. Write a function once, use it anywhere in your workbook.

Quick Example:

1. Write a Python function:

def hello(name):
    """ Returns a greeting. """
    return f"Hello {name}!"

2. Use it in Excel:

=HELLO("World")

Feature:

Feature	Description
✅ Custom Functions	Write Python functions and use them in Excel
🆓 Free	Unlimited free use
🌐 Cross-Platform	Works in Excel for web and desktop
☁️ Network Access	Make API calls from your functions (supports CORS)
📦 Packages	Import standard library and pure Python packages
🔒 Private	Code is stored in your workbook and runs locally in the browser

warning

Key Concept

Your Python code must be a function. This add-in does not work the same way as Excel's native =PY() function.

Excel has a built-in =PY() function. Here's when to use each:

Feature	This Add-in	Native =PY()
Reusable functions	✅ Create =FUNCTION_NAME()	❌ Code in each cell
Runs where	Browser (local)	Microsoft Cloud

Getting Started

1. Install the add-in from Microsoft AppSource
2. Sign in with your current Microsoft account when prompted
3. Grant permissions for the add-in to function
4. Open the Editor tab (✏️) to write your first function
5. Save your function and use it as =FUNCTION_NAME()

You can type functions directly into cells (for example, =HELLO("World")) or use the Function Dialog for a guided experience.

Note: Built-in example functions (BF.*) are loaded when you first insert them using the Function Insert tab. This improves performance since there are hundreds of them.

For browsable examples of Python functions by domain, see the Example Python Functions library.

Python Editor

The Editor tab (✏️) is where you write and manage your custom functions.

Write standard Python code, must be a function.

Writing a Function

def my_function(arg1, arg2):
    """
    Description for the function wizard.
    """
    return arg1 + arg2

Component	Description
Arguments	arg1, arg2, etc. correspond to Excel inputs
Return	The value returned becomes the cell value (number, text, or matrix)

Type Conversion

Excel types are automatically converted to Python types and vice versa.

Excel → Python

Excel Type	Example	Python Type	Notes
Number	42 or 3.14	float	All numbers become floats, even integers
String	"hello"	str
Boolean	TRUE	bool
Empty Cell		None
Date	45678	float	Excel stores dates as serial numbers*
Range	A1:B2	list[list]	Always 2D, e.g., [[1, 2], [3, 4]]

*To convert an Excel date serial to Python datetime:

from datetime import datetime, timedelta
def excel_date_to_datetime(serial):
    return datetime(1899, 12, 30) + timedelta(days=serial)

Python → Excel

Python Type	Example	Excel Result
int/float	42, 3.14	Number
str	"hello"	String
bool	True	TRUE
None	None	Empty cell
datetime	datetime(2022, 1, 1)	Date (serial)
list[list]	[[1,2],[3,4]]	Spill range

Importing Packages

The add-in uses Pyodide (Python in the browser). Many scientific packages like pandas, numpy, and scipy are included in the distribution and can be simply imported.

Other pure Python packages can be installed using Micropip from PyPI:

import micropip
await micropip.install(['textdistance', 'faker'])
import textdistance
# ...

warning

Package installation only works if the package and all its dependencies are pure Python. For example, yfinance fails with ValueError: Can't find a pure Python 3 wheel for 'curl-cffi>=0.7' because it depends on curl-cffi, which has C-extensions.

Limitations

Limitation	Workaround
No local file access (browser security)	Use Excel's Power Query to import files first, or fetch from a URL
No *args or **kwargs	Define explicit parameters for each argument
Limited networking (CORS only)	Use public APIs or set up a CORS proxy for private APIs

Managing Functions

Action	How To
Save	Click Save. Function becomes available as =FUNCTION_NAME()
Delete	Click ❌. Removes the function from the workbook
Edit	Select a function from the dropdown list
New	Select "Select a function..." or clear the editor

Insert Function

The Insert Function tab provides a guided experience for finding and inserting functions similar to Excel's native function dialog. You can use it to insert custom functions you create, or built-in example functions. As noted earlier, the built-in example functions have a BF. prefix.

Select Function

Use the search box or category dropdown to find a function.

:::

Search for a function. Functions with a BF. prefix are built-in example functions. Functions without a prefix are custom functions you create.

Click a function to see its description and details. Click Next to proceed to the argument entry screen. :::

Enter Arguments

Enter values for each argument. A preview on the right shows how the value is interpreted.

Method	Description
Type Value	Enter numbers, text, or booleans directly
Select Range	Click the input field, then select cells in Excel. Displays as Sheet1!A1:B2
Test Values	Click Use Test Values to fill all fields with sample data

:::

Click into an input field to activate selection mode, then highlight cells in your sheet.

See exactly what data will be passed to Python (e.g., matrices for ranges). :::

Insert Options

Before clicking Insert, choose how the result should appear:

Option	Description	Best For
Insert as Formula (Default)	Inserts =FUNCTION_NAME(arg1, arg2). Recalculates when inputs change.	Most use cases
Insert as Result	Inserts the static calculated value (e.g., 42). Check "Insert result instead of formula".	One-time calculations or breaking dependencies
Insert as Excel PY	Inserts =PY("...", 0) using Excel's native Python runtime. Check "Insert =PY() formula".	Leveraging Excel's built-in Python environment

Note: The Excel PY option only appears for functions compatible with Excel's Python environment.

Info Tab

The Info tab (ℹ️) displays print() output and error tracebacks (STDOUT and STDERR).

View print() output and error tracebacks here. Useful for debugging.

FAQ

Why is my function slow the first time?

The first call to any function imports libraries and initializes the Python runtime. Subsequent calls are much faster.

How do I debug my function?

Add print() statements to your code. Output appears in the Info tab (ℹ️) after the function finishes executing.

Where is my code stored?

Your custom functions are saved directly into the Excel workbook's metadata. They travel with the file, so any user with the workbook can use them after installing the add-in.

Where does print() output go?

Output from print() and errors appear in the Info tab (ℹ️) of the taskpane. Note that output only appears after the function finishes executing.

Can I use this offline?

No, the add-in requires an internet connection to load the Python runtime and libraries.

Where are OneDrive sync files?

This feature has been removed, but the files are still stored in your OneDrive at My Files > Apps > Boardflare Python for Excel.

#VALUE! Error

This error occurs when an argument has the wrong type or is missing.

Common causes:

• Passing text where a number is expected
• Referencing a range with incompatible data types
• Missing required arguments

Solution: Check that all arguments are provided and have the correct type.

#NAME? Error

This error appears when Excel doesn't recognize the function name.

Common causes:

• Function name is misspelled
• Add-in hasn't fully loaded yet
• Function was never saved (check the Editor tab)

Solution: Verify the spelling and prefix. Wait a few seconds for the add-in to load. Open the taskpane to ensure the add-in is active.

#BUSY! Error

This is usually temporary and indicates processing.

Common causes:

• First-time import of libraries (can take 5-10 seconds)
• Slow internet connection
• Function is still calculating

Solution: Wait a few seconds. If it persists, click Reset in the Info tab.