AKERS_DEANS_CROSSER

This function estimates the condensation heat transfer coefficient for flow inside a tube using the Akers-Deans-Crosser correlation. It models convective condensation with an equivalent Reynolds number that combines liquid and vapor phase effects through quality and density ratio.

The correlation is expressed as a Nusselt-number power law:

Nu = \frac{hD}{k_l} = C Re_e^n Pr_l^{1/3}

where constants C and n depend on the equivalent Reynolds number regime. The function returns a scalar heat transfer coefficient in W/m^2/K.

Excel Usage

=AKERS_DEANS_CROSSER(m, rhog, rhol, kl, mul, Cpl, D, x)

m (float, required): Mass flow rate (kg/s).
rhog (float, required): Gas density (kg/m^3).
rhol (float, required): Liquid density (kg/m^3).
kl (float, required): Liquid thermal conductivity (W/m/K).
mul (float, required): Liquid viscosity (Pa*s).
Cpl (float, required): Liquid heat capacity at constant pressure (J/kg/K).
D (float, required): Tube diameter (m).
x (float, required): Quality at the specific interval (-).

Returns (float): Heat transfer coefficient (W/m^2/K).

Example 1: Example values from reference

Inputs:

m	rhog	rhol	kl	mul	Cpl	D	x
0.35	6.36	582.9	0.098	0.000159	2520	0.03	0.85

Excel formula:

=AKERS_DEANS_CROSSER(0.35, 6.36, 582.9, 0.098, 0.000159, 2520, 0.03, 0.85)

Expected output:

7117.24

Example 2: Low quality vapor fraction

Inputs:

m	rhog	rhol	kl	mul	Cpl	D	x
0.2	10	900	0.12	0.0002	2200	0.02	0.1

Excel formula:

=AKERS_DEANS_CROSSER(0.2, 10, 900, 0.12, 0.0002, 2200, 0.02, 0.1)

Expected output:

2793.07

Example 3: Mid quality vapor fraction

Inputs:

m	rhog	rhol	kl	mul	Cpl	D	x
0.5	5	700	0.09	0.00015	2400	0.025	0.5

Excel formula:

=AKERS_DEANS_CROSSER(0.5, 5, 700, 0.09, 0.00015, 2400, 0.025, 0.5)

Expected output:

10231.3

Example 4: Higher mass flow rate

Inputs:

m	rhog	rhol	kl	mul	Cpl	D	x
1	8	650	0.11	0.00018	2100	0.04	0.7

Excel formula:

=AKERS_DEANS_CROSSER(1, 8, 650, 0.11, 0.00018, 2100, 0.04, 0.7)

Expected output:

7861.16

Python Code

Show Code

from ht.condensation import Akers_Deans_Crosser as ht_Akers_Deans_Crosser

def Akers_Deans_Crosser(m, rhog, rhol, kl, mul, Cpl, D, x):
    """
    Calculate condensation heat transfer coefficient in tubes using the Akers-Deans-Crosser correlation.

    See: https://ht.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ht.condensation.html

    This example function is provided as-is without any representation of accuracy.

    Args:
        m (float): Mass flow rate (kg/s).
        rhog (float): Gas density (kg/m^3).
        rhol (float): Liquid density (kg/m^3).
        kl (float): Liquid thermal conductivity (W/m/K).
        mul (float): Liquid viscosity (Pa*s).
        Cpl (float): Liquid heat capacity at constant pressure (J/kg/K).
        D (float): Tube diameter (m).
        x (float): Quality at the specific interval (-).

    Returns:
        float: Heat transfer coefficient (W/m^2/K).
    """
    try:
        result = ht_Akers_Deans_Crosser(m=m, rhog=rhog, rhol=rhol, kl=kl, mul=mul, Cpl=Cpl, D=D, x=x)
        return result
    except Exception as e:
        return f"Error: {str(e)}"

Online Calculator

m *

Mass flow rate (kg/s).

rhog *

Gas density (kg/m^3).

rhol *

Liquid density (kg/m^3).

kl *

Liquid thermal conductivity (W/m/K).

mul *

Liquid viscosity (Pa*s).

Cpl *

Liquid heat capacity at constant pressure (J/kg/K).

D *

Tube diameter (m).

x *

Quality at the specific interval (-).